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THE EVOLUTION OF PANCPERM. BILLING AND REPLICATION.

   This could be finished. The essence of Life is grasped, the term is picked up. But I wonder - what happened next? We further fantasize, create versions. At least for those opponents who like to fall asleep with questions. How is it? How is it? And gloat, if you could not immediately answer. Themselves, nothing, but questions and sypyat, and sypyat. And if you do not answer, they instantly conclude that your theory is wrong. Immediately, without reflection. And they are also called as they say, you need to deprive the diploma! However, for all their trouble, there is little benefit from them. Like the wolves in the forest.
   
Let's return to the ancient era. Now, when the origin of life is described, one can consider the process of its initial evolution.
   
In accordance with generally accepted terms, evolution is a gradual increase from generation to generation of the level of organization of living entities. From generation to generation, something can change. And these changes can accumulate in one direction or another, which is the essence of evolution.
   
It can be added that evolution is the gradual filling of higher and complex ecological niches. Just like if a tree next to a 10-story house is burning leaves, then the smell of smoke (this is the analog of life) gradually reaches 2, 3, 4, and higher floors. And when the fire is extinguished, the smell disappears in the reverse order. So the dinosaurs died out, when their fire was extinguished somehow, and they existed after this for many thousands of years. Most likely the end of dinosaurs was brought by small mammals, eating all the traditional food at the base of the food pyramid of dinosaurs.
   
This is of course good when there are generations already. When there are familiar names: reproduction, mutation, selection. And what are the terms to describe the diversity of Life at the stage of pansperm? When there is no replication yet, but does their diversity grow? When the complexity of the device pansperm grows, their size? Even if the reason is only in the cooling of the ocean.
   
So far, no special term has been used to refer to the process of changing the composition and concentration of living molecules over time. But among pansperms, something like a reproduction has already arisen. That is, they grow - grow, tear apart and accurately - not exactly, but restore all the same to their own kind, again pansperms. And if so, then it's time for a new term. We will be cautious and call this phenomenon pre-evolution.

   In our understanding, pre-evolution in the pansperm environment is a slow movement toward a kinetically equilibrium state. In the situation with pansperms (and, frankly, with any living creatures) this is a very, very time-consuming process. So stretched that no one even knows how it will look, this multi-dimensional equilibrium state. Even under stable natural conditions. If we use a mathematical term, we can not rule out the divergence of the concrete and universal process of pre-evolution and even evolution. That is, even with a gradual slowing of changes in phenotypes, and like an approaching stabilization, the end result can never be achieved. For example, theoretically, if for a thousand years the phenotype has changed by ½, over the next thousand years by 1/3, then by ¼ and so on, then this process has no end, does not converge. This is the subject of a special mathematical study. And even though the number of atoms in the pansperme is finite, then they can mutate more slowly and will never reach equilibrium.
   
Or, for example, evolution has slowed down by a hundred million years. But finally it happened, there was a very unlikely mutation and the avalanche went on with this mutation and demolished everything long stable. As it was, we will remember again, with dinosaurs. How many such braking was on the way to man? And maybe if we die out, then in general we can never arise again. If never, for example, those two chromosomes that have grown together in monkeys after they have descended from the trees grow together. So we would drag our hands on the ground until now, although they would have been as smart as they are now. And our beauties would drag. Maybe a little tail would remain ... Horror. Although we would think that this is a very erotic ponytail
...
   Sometimes evolution is impossible, as it was in the hot ocean. Complex substances quickly disintegrated. There, a kinetically equilibrium state was quickly reached, in which the ocean was for hundreds of millions of years. Then the ocean cooled down. The capacity of accumulated solar energy increased. The capacity of the substance involved in photochemical processes also increased. Then the ocean cooled down so much that life appeared in it as large pansperms. Their form will someday be set in detail by the chemists.
   
Unexpectedly, these reactive molecules (tailings) were given, even if not an evolutionary, but simply an advantage. It became possible to move the energy processes to higher levels, to other molecular sizes and to a greater variety of configurations of these molecules. The ecological niche of molecular quantum mills appeared and immediately expanded. How else? After all, there is constant pumping from the sun. After all, how fast is the career of those who have pumping from the top. Who it? Where from? "And he's already a deputy minister." And he already ... All of them, we are silent.
   
Mills of quanta capable of automatically capturing the gradient of concentration of energy and substances in the environment have already been mentioned. Naturally, such pansperms will also have an advantage in life expectancy and in the number of people.
   
Such small advantages can be listed further. The pre-evolution of living molecules began. Pre-evolution of configurations, forms, ways of movement, etc. Pre-evolution of engines and flagella. There were high-speed comfortable pansperms, with high efficiency. engines and good traction. Pre-evolution of sizes. Pre-evolution of absorption spectra. Pre-evolution of behavioral programs.

Step of evolution № 1 = Appearance of pre-evolution. The appearance of pansperms moving in the ocean under the influence of engines or vibrating molecular flagella.
   
Next, pre-evolution of one branch of pansperm will be tracked. It is impossible to assert that at least one of the stages of this branch had advantages over other surrounding pansperms. It's just that every stage is possible and probable. Just this branch of pre-evolution existed along with other branches and that's it. Sometimes the quantity of this branch increased, sometimes decreased. But this branch did not stop and eventually led to the present state of the terrestrial ecosystem.
   
Among these ancient and progressive pansperms were the most bizarre forms and sometimes chains. They disintegrated and reconnected into other forms and chains. The time for all the cell-related variations took about 2 billion years. That is much more than for the whole subsequent evolution from a full-fledged diploid living cell to a modern living world. This indicates that the transition from pansperm to the cell is a difficult process. We are very fortunate that such an evolution has happened. And if the tree of pre-evolution and evolution of pansperm is compared with the tree of animal evolution, then it is likely that the second tree will seem like a small cluster of strawberries in comparison with the baobab.
   
Some of the ancient pansperms had the property of being reproduced after several intermediate stages. That is, several kinds of pansperms existed in a mixed community: after the destruction of any of them, any others could recover from the pieces, but also from their community. Reproduction after the destruction in a dozen - a hundred intermediate stages was always. At the same time, the intermediate stages themselves were independent and full-fledged lines of pansperms.
   
Once in this community there was a phenomenon when the pansperma was uncontrollably growing, and by increasing the mass and swelling from the energy, spontaneously disintegrated into pieces, from which again the similar pansperms of the same community grew again. Such reproduction can be considered very similar to reproduction, although it was not literally self-reproduction. It was self-reproduction of the whole family.

Step of evolution 2. The emergence of collective reproduction of a whole family of pansperms, without exact self-reproduction of each separately. There are no advantages to this family of pansperms.
   
Then in this family the leaders on repeatability and survivability were distinguished. And as a result, there were such pansperms that self-reproduced not through a hundred intertwining with other varieties of stages (and further with increasing with the growth of diversity), but only through one stage. These were pansperms of the type "A plus B". We will not detail the arrangement of such pansperms. Each of them during the movement increased the second half, then split into A and B. And then "A" increased "B", and "B" increased "A". With the advent of such pansperms, it is possible to consider the emergence and reproduction. Evolutionary advantage in multiplying pansperms is also not noted. The main thing is that they existed along with everyone.

Step of evolution 3. The emergence of pansperm type "A + B" and reproduction through one stage. That is, such a pansperma grew, disintegrated into "A" plus "B", and each of them then completed its body to "A + B".
   
This reproduction is exactly reproduction. It leads to a doubling of the number of pansperms after each cycle and seems to have to displace all the others. But with all the apparent evolutionary advantages of such reproduction, it does not fit in with the state of affairs in modern living cells. In them reigns reign. In all likelihood, not self-reproduction has led to the appearance of cells and information properties of chromosomes. In short, this direction is not yet considered, although it is quite promising.
   
The ocean cooled down. Niche pansperm expanded. The breeding pansperms of the "A + B" type evolved in different directions. Among others, there were also chains, based on the convenience of mutual replication with increasing energy intensity.
   
But it turned out that the chains are the next breakthrough in evolution into new energy spectra, new life processes and new volumes and rates of grinding quanta. I remember the unfortunate version of the origin of life through the chains. Alas, then did not know about engines and flagella ...
   
Definition. A chain is a pansperm that has an extended form or a molecular chain. Its difference lies in the fact that it multiplies by splitting, stratification, and not by breaking into two.
   
Surely, among the modern viruses there are also chains, they are only difficult to detect or observe. There were many different types of chains, with flagellas or engines.
   
Is there an advantage of chains in front of other living molecules? If there is, then they are not too obvious. Maybe they are stronger, less prone to destruction? - Hardly. Move faster? - It's very possible. Is it better to grasp the solar quanta? - Maybe. What else? - Perhaps that they have a large relative surface area. This means that at the same weight with a spherical pansperm, an elongated pansperm has a much larger area. Hence more contact with the environment. If we add a lower resistance of water, a greater energy of motion, then in the sum we get some evolutionary advantage in needle pansperms.

   But this advantage is secondary. The main thing in the other. Whether it is a little - whether it was a lot of chains, but they were. They increased their mass while moving along the entire length. Everything flowed so slowly, despite the engines and flagella. Hundreds of millions of years passed one by one, and there was no progress in evolution. And chains and chains did not exist, they performed their function as mills of solar quanta, and one day they collapsed and life died in them. But once there was a clear process of replication.
   
The constant energy pressure of the Sun, after quadrillion trial and error, made these chains of molecules (very energy intensive) once "learn" to build parallel to themselves the second chain. And then, swelling up from the excess of accumulated quanta, to separate into two. So that each single chain again restores its pair. And so on. When the needle-like chain moved in the primary broth, the second chain quickly recovered, because the surrounding substances were immediately embedded in the places that needed it. So there were self-reproducing "through time" chains. So the process of replication has begun.
   
But even at this stage it can not be asserted that those chains that have mastered this process could outrun the rest of the carriers of life - pansperm. Maybe it happened a little later, when they discovered the ability to incorporate into their life cycle almost everything else floating in the ocean organic matter.
   
Probably, the loss of strength in chains and their less resistance to destruction were compensated for by the appearance of replication.

Step of evolution № 4. The appearance of the process of replicating chains by constructing a second chain in parallel to itself and splitting into two. In this case, self-reproduction itself was achieved with the second division, that is, through time. Chain A produced chain B, and chain B then produced chain A, and so on. Evolutionary advantage is not noted or insignificant.
   
The emergence of the processes of reproduction and replication, figuratively speaking, became a victory over the stage of death in the cycle of life. The stage of death has practically disappeared for all this variety of chains and has remained only for its separate copies.
   
Of course, the appearance of immediately stratified chains in the primary ocean broth is an unlikely event. Without a stage pansperm at all impossible.
   
The following term is introduced for self-replicating and reproducing chains - prechromosomes.

Definition. The pre-chromosomes are that part of the chains that had the ability, under the action of the primary, secondary and higher orders of energy pressure, to reproduce by replicating - building a second chain in parallel to itself, and then splitting into two single strings. And so on.
   
No horrible cosmic molecules are needed. Conventional terrestrial molecules under constant pressure of solar energy for hundreds of millions of years stick together in large formations, have engines or build up flagella, begin to move and give rise to a Great Life on Earth. Then one day they line up into self-replicating chains with engines and flagella and begin to evolve towards the cell. All this with a completely certain non-zero probability! Even today, this could happen if almost all organic matter were not involved in the current biosphere. The same pansperms and chains have certainly been and are on any planet, including and on Mars, where it is not too hot or cold and there is water, you should not fly there.
   
Undoubtedly, in distant space there are planets on which there is little carbon and a lot of silicon. And on some of them, where the appropriate climatic conditions are, there is a highly developed silicon or other non-carbon life, perhaps reasonable.
   
Immediately, after the appearance of the process of reproduction, competition and the process of natural selection intensified. It should be noted that the process of natural selection - the term is not very beloved now. I think the whole point is that this term is half-hearted, it covers only half the broader phenomenon. Namely, the phenomenon of the arrival of the ecosystem in equilibrium with the environment. After each surviving mutation begins the process of moving the ecosystem into equilibrium. The balance of genotype modifications between themselves and the environment. This transition in its complexity, multi-stage, involvement of participants and interdependence would be compared with the game in the "spot". When in order to move a square to an adjacent field, dozens of movements of other squares must be done. In nature, this is not a "speck", but at least "weaving". And also, as in a toy, there are situations that are mathematically insoluble. When even a progressive mutation does not always survive, for example, because there are no corroborating mutations in contacting species.

   Undoubtedly, in the early stages of the formation of life, pansperms also multiplied - not chains. Even now they probably exist. Also, the chains could multiply by not replicating, but simply breaking into two short ones. But in the end, under the influence of solar pressure, all were gradually squeezed out precisely by replicating Pre-chromosomes based on carbon. This is a physical look. Supporters of the theory of natural selection can interpret this as a competitive struggle for the assimilation of organic matter floating in the ocean. Their life cycle, as already mentioned, consisted in increasing the thickness to double and then multiplying by splitting the double chain into two single-type "lightning". This moment of victory Pre-chromosomes is logical, because the energy-swelling molecular chain, if it grows only in length, will absorb energy too slowly. But if it grows in thickness, then its energy intensity grows much faster, because for a unit of time, many more molecules join it. The one who reproduces faster survives and wins.
   
Modern viruses that can be found anywhere in the terrestrial biosphere, apparently also belong to the varieties of these Pre-chromosomes. Some of them, perhaps, refer generally to pansperms and propagate in a manner different from the Pre-chromosomal stratification. It is possible that viruses are the first layer of life on earth that has changed little since its inception, for 3 billion years.
   
Extrusion process Pre-chromosomes of all other pansperms are not obvious. And one of the possibilities is set out below.

 

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