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Concepts and definitions of the theory of gukuum.
The beginning of a more rigorous exposition of the theory of
the elastic universe.
There are no known sources that directly formulate the
hypothesis of the Elastic Universe. The jelly-shaped vacuum
mentioned by Einstein does not count, as there it was only a
matter without matter, and it was incomprehensible how
material objects would be "torn" in this jelly. The proposed
hypothesis is radically different from all existing versions
of the universe device.
All previous versions necessarily assumed the Empty
Space, in which everything moves or is hidden: from
"vortices of Ether" to "virtual electron-positron pairs."
All previous models inevitably ended each time with a list
of unsolvable questions and paradoxes, a reference to
mathematical difficulties, a mystery. But the model of the
Elastic Universe with "Loks = Wave Vortices" as elementary
particles gives an absolutely finished result. After reading
the proposed article, there is literally nothing to ask
about, there is an answer to everything. The only question
is: what is Gukuum can be equated with a philosophical
search for a box that holds all the boxes in it. The
universe turned out to be ridiculously simple. We just have
to work on, detail, clarify. Hundreds of doctoral
dissertations on this subject are waiting for their owners.
To the development of this gold vein, the whole active
genius of world and Russian physics and mathematics is
invited. The way to the creation of Axiomatic Physics is
open.
The goals are clear, the tasks are defined, for the
work, comrades!
The last stage of the work and the specified results
are proposed to the court of the official academic
community.
It is possible that some formulas are inaccurate due to
simplifications. There are assumptions that have not yet
been substantiated. It is possible that not all factors are
taken into account. Sometimes attempts at refinement lead to
impassable philosophical jungle.
But on the other side of the scale there are huge pluses.
Such pluses that there is confidence: it is not only a
mathematical model, but a real device of the universe. The
proposed theory of gukuum does not contradict any law of
physics and does not create paradoxes. Explains the essence
and the diversity of matter. Easily resolve all existing
paradoxes. And with striking clarity, he models the internal
arrangement of elementary particles, all their properties,
and the nature of these properties. In this case,
theoretically calculated such an absolutely mysterious
property as the spin of elementary particles. A new
relationship is established between world constants: the
masses of elementary particles, the Planck constant and the
parameters of the gukuum. And in the future, you can
theoretically calculate any other parameters of particles
and physical parameters. All this is at the level of precise
mathematical formulas. On the properties of elementary
particles in this article.
Concepts and definitions.
In previous chapters, the idea of an Elastic Universe is
consistently developed. A transition is made from a bare
idea to a mathematical and logical proof of the correctness
of the idea with access to precise formulas. Over time, many
new things are being revealed, the wording is being refined.
Here is the latest, improved and revised version of the
basic concepts and definitions.
1) The universe is an infinite homogeneous elastic
medium. In this case, it exists not only in itself, but with
all kinds of elastic waves allowed in it. More than anything
in the universe does not exist. What? How? Why? - Has always
been, is and will be, forever.
2) Definition. This elastic medium is named as a gukuum.
It's like
russian
"ГУлкий
(echoing)
vaKUUM
(vacuum)". And still related
to the names of the famous researcher of the elasticity of
Hooke. And it also echoes the continuum. Thus, the
entire universe is the Infinite Homogeneous Gukuum.
(When translating into English, it is advisable to pay
attention to the abbreviation). Unlike a vacuum,
which has always been considered only a void, the element of
the gukuum can be strained and, possibly, even
elastically deformed. Unlike the term "physical vacuum,"
gukuum most likely has a continuum or is close to that.
3) The unified formula of the universe. This is a
well-known wave equation:
(1-1)
Here, W
is the displacement vector of the elastic cosmic gukuum
element. c - is the speed of light or the
speed of transverse waves, determined by the mechanical
parameters of the gukuum. Longitudinal waves are not
considered.
4) Different types of solutions of equation (1-1) correspond
to different types of oscillatory processes. In particular,
a) waves propagating to infinity at the speed of light, b)
waves localized, standing, vortex. And so on. And these two
kinds are not all solutions. It is not ruled out that
certain types of localized solutions can also propagate to
infinity at the speed of light. And it is very likely that
many waves propagating to infinity have a localized
structure. All these kinds of oscillations really exist in
the universe, creating a visible variety of material
objects.
More later. There is an assumption that all material
objects existing in our perception are localized. Including
radio waves.
5) Definition. One of the solutions of equation (1-1)
is a localized wave or LOK. This is a vortex-shaped
wave object localized in space-the stress fields in Gukuum.
The basic solution of the wave equation, which is used in
the theory of gukuum to describe localized waves, is the
sinusoidal spherical standing waves. In spherical
coordinates:
x = r•sinθ•cosφ,
y = r•sinθ•sinφ,
z = r•cosθ
;
A particular solution of the wave equation, spherical
standing waves:
(1-2)
It is assumed that the
velocity of motion of a perturbation in a localized wave is equal to the
velocity of transverse waves or the speed of light.
The energy density corresponding to the solution (1-2) is determined
in accordance with Hooke's law and can be estimated from the formula:
ρ1E
~
Σ
Wi2;
i=1,2,3 (Cartesian
coordinates);
(1-3)
The discrete spectrum of the solution (1-2) is determined by
integers (j, m) and each pair of numbers
(j, m) determines its lok in the gukuum.
This discreteness gives rise to quantum physics.
6) Analogues of localized formations exist and are
described in the physics of liquids and plasmas, for
example, in [08] - [09]. So even more than a century ago on
the water, J. Scott Russell observed "solitary waves" in the
form of a hill on the surface of the water. The
physical meaning of this hill is very interesting and
consists in the fact that an analogy with the appearance of
the gravitational field opens here! Under the external
influence (such as explosion and subsequent reflection of
the blast wave), a localized transverse sound wave
appears on the water. It winds around the vertical axis and
draws (!) Into itself surrounding water. This forms a hill
on the surface of the water.
It is not necessary to connect the formation of such a
hill with the movement of the water proper. The movement of
water does not participate in the formation of hills.
Moreover, with the circular motion of the masses of water,
not hills, but pits, funnels, and breakers are formed. But
when the transverse sound wave of elasticity rotates around
the axis, inside the water, the water contracts to the axis
of rotation of the wave and forms a hillock.
It is also known that solitons in a collisionless plasma
were studied by RZ Sagdeev in 1956, 1958.
In 1964 Kruskal and Zabuzhsky discovered by numerical
modeling that the solution of the Korteweg-De Vries equation
(KdV), which is a solitary wave (soliton), has a property
that was not known before. Namely, such a solution
"elastically" interacts with another similar solution.
In the same books it is reported that the interactions of
solitons can be both elastic and forming bound
states-quasibrers. And these phenomena are confirmed by
theoretical calculations and examples.
These two ancient results allow us to hope that our Loki
will interact elastically with each other and even sometimes
form compounds like hydrogen or helium nuclei or complex
molecules.
Later. The essence of Loks lies in the elastic
stress wave in matter, while the substance itself is
motionless. This Loks differs from solitons, in which the
substance is mobile. Unlike solitons, Loks has the
phenomenon of stratification, see the following.
Why do localized entities interact with each other? There
is an interesting physical explanation. After all, there is
something that turns the wave, according to a mathematical
solution. In order for it to become localized, it spun
around in a circle. So there is some component of the tensor
that turns it ?! And if there is a component of the tensor
that acts on the wave, then this component of the tensor can
act on another wave! That is, localized entities can
interact.
7)
The law of stratification (February 2003). Solution
(1-2) does not directly describe elementary particles. The reason is
that this solution with the formal approach (the energy is determined by
the square of the displacement) does not give a convergent integral over
the energy. The integral diverges at infinity. This fact is known to
mathematicians and physicists in similar studies and related problems.
Hence the conclusion is drawn: there is a new phenomenon, the effect of
stratification or winding. The localized wave is representable as
excitation elements running around a certain center, axis, or infinity.
The wave elements moving along closed trajectories per unit time run
through fixed points different times depending on the distance from the
center of the localized wave. Consequently, the elements of the object
under study formally identical in energy (by the solution (1-2)),
located at different distances from the center of rotation of the wave,
will have different real energies. Moreover: they will have generally
different properties. So a new concept is born: lok.
A confirmation of the existence of the layering effect is the analogy
from the mechanics of liquids, which has already been mentioned. Just as
localized waves on the water surface have a convex upward shape, the
loks have an increased concentration of energy in the center of the lok.
In this case, the main solution (1-2), as the final result shows, most
likely does not change.
8) Lok is in a sense a virtual object. It
differs from a localized wave as a mathematical solution in
the following way. Lok is a stable in form and energy,
localized around a certain center or axis, an object that
can move in space and interact with other loks
and stress fields in the gukuum. And the effect of
stratification greatly influences the properties of the lok
when interacting with other loks. This is taken into account
in the layering coefficient introduced below.
The element of lok - is an element of the vibrational
energy at a given point in space, coinciding in
coordinates with the element of oscillations of the gukuum
at a given point in space. But it differs from the wave
element in the gukuum by the fact that when the lok
moves its elements move, while the elements of the wave in
the gukuum have fixed coordinates in the gukuum and can
only fade or grow. That is, the vibrational energy as it
runs from one element of the gukuum to the other, which are
motionless.
Dimensions loks as the size of elementary
particles are tied to the elastic-density characteristics of
Gukuum.
9) The
correcting functional factor for the energy is equal to (1/r)2.
The most important, decisive argument in favor of such a multiplier is
the consequences of such an assumption. This is a complete coincidence
of the properties of all loks - theoretical candidates for a proton, a
neutron and an electron with the properties of a real proton, a neutron
and an electron. About this in the following articles. An attempt to
delve into the strictly justified conclusion of this multiplier leads to
a philosophical abyss and again to the search for a box containing all
the boxes. But the simplest explanation is the phase addition of waves
in the layering.
It is extremely important to distinguish the real picture of
oscillations in gukuum from the virtual picture of movement of the
elements of the lok, the displacement of the loks entirely, the
interaction of the loks.
The mathematical picture of oscillations in gukuum is
described by the solution (1-2). This picture is absolute, there are no
additional circumstances or clarifications, and nothing can shake this
decision. The solution (1-2) has the property that it is "stitched" with
itself over angular variables within the specified limits (0≤θ≤π)
and (0≤φ≤2π) and does not require any "winding" on itself
. All real distributions of stresses, deformations, energies, all
tensors, gradients and rotors - all this should be determined from
equation (1-2). At each point of space, according to the solution (1-2),
the amplitude of the oscillations of the gukuum is constant, and the
magnitude of the displacement is determined by the single time
dependence cos (ωt + δ).
The energy of the solution, if treated formally according to formula
(1-2), would be infinite, if not for the law of stratification. No point
of the remote part of the solution (1-2) hinders the motion of the
center of this solution. The center of the lok moves, interacting with
other loks, and how they relax the "tails", this does not bother anyone.
By and large, it is possible that the amplitude of the solutions (1-2)
is infinitesimal, and the whole picture of the universe is the motion of
infinitesimal quantities. But now it's not about that. Otherwise, you
can drown in philosophy.
Moving decisions (1-2) formally do not interact with each other. And
they could safely fly through one another as radio waves pass through
each other. Although this also requires experimental verification. If
there was no interaction between the elements of the corresponding loks.
Some day theorists will prove that the determining factor in such an
interaction is the phenomenon of stratification.
The real
picture of the movement of loks and elements of loks
is completely different. The physical and spatial properties of loks
(implied: elementary particles), which are recorded in experiments and
in the sense organs of a person, are determined by the effect of
stratification within the lok itself. Elements of the lok move along
closed trajectories, forming a vortex wave. And the smaller the radius
of these trajectories, the more turns do the elements of the lok, and
consequently the wave per unit of time. This radically affects the
experimental results. Lok interactions occur differently than if they
were just solutions (1-2). And the physical and spatial properties of
loks are also different than they follow from equation (1-2).
How should we investigate the properties of loks and their
interactions? It is impossible to invent anything new here, except to
take into account the dependence of the number of turns of the lok
elements on their distance from the center of the lok. How many times a
wave passes through a given point - it does not matter. It is important
to compare the number of passes at different points per unit time. The
number of passes (at a constant speed of a wave equal to the speed of
light) is inversely proportional to the radius of motion. A circling
wave (of the elements of the lok) is coherent to itself and as a result
only the displacements, the amplitudes of the waves, are summed.
Summarizes everything that is linear with the solution (1-2), linearly
with displacement. Of course, as long as the process remains within the
framework of Hooke's law. That is, the correction factor for the
amplitude of the voltage oscillations in the lok is (1/r).
That is, the phase addition of the amplitudes takes place because of the
synchronism and coherence of the waves upon their layering. Energy in
this virtual world is not the main, but the derivative value and is
determined by the square of the amplitude. Consequently, the correction
factor to the value of the energy density of the lok must be equal to
(1/r)2.
To this we can add the version that the phenomenon of contraction of
the solution to the center is possible. It is difficult to recognize as
convincing the assumption that the amplitude of waves is added in the
phenomenon of winding. This contradicts our habits of preserving energy.
Somehow, the addition of energies is more natural. But this would give a
multiplier of only (1/r). But when contracting the
solution it is entirely possible that the equilibrium point is reached
on the factor (1/r)2.
Let's try to simulate the solution (1-2). Let's say that we become
small, make the palm of our hands a ladle, we put a lok on them and
examine it from the moment of its formation (by a formal decision), and
in a strong slowdown. What do we see?
And we see at the beginning that according to the legend of this
solution the lok first rotates as a single whole, with the angular
velocity ω. At the "equator" of the lok, any perturbation
of Gukuum rotates with a linear velocity: v = r • ω.
Consequently, as r increases, the linear velocity of the lok element
increases more and more. And at certain distances from the center of the
lok, the linear velocity of motion of its elements becomes many times
higher than the speed of light. Physically,
this is impossible.
What physical picture will we see real, holding the lok in the
palms, in fact? Let's say that we created a lok by the solution (1-2)
and gave it a primary impetus to the rotation. We will observe its
evolution. We see that the angular velocities of the rotation of the
lok elements are different at different distances from its center.
That is, ω is variable and depends on r. And
maybe not only from him. We see that as r increases, the
angular velocity of rotation of the lok is slower, with decreasing
r, the angular velocity is increasing. That is, the middle
twists, and the edges lag behind. In this process, a certain stress
gradient (toward the center or from the center) is created in gukuum,
and consequently also some forces that force the loks to move not along
circles, but along tightening spirals. Most likely for remote parts -
approaching the center. An analogy with spaghetti wrapping on the plug
for the outer parts.
In other words, there are internal mechanisms of interaction of these
perturbations in the vortex of the Gukuum
perturbations that form the lok, which give Lok some desire for greater
compactness. Lok begins to pull together to the center. In this case, of
course, the solution (1-2) in each of its harmonics does not
cease to operate, but in the aggregate a certain functional series
formed of these solutions begins to act. This series converges to a
function that is as yet unknown, which by properties is very close to
(1-2). It is close because in practice its action is confirmed. And it
was the solution (1-2) that was implicitly used in quantum physics when
Bohr calculated the energy levels of an electron in a hydrogen atom. And
if we delve deeper into those calculations, then undoubtedly, we can
draw out the divergence from the total energy, which we have just
overcome with purely physical reasoning. And in part to deprive the
meaning of all modern quantum physics. Let us recall publications on
this topic, such as "electrodynamic divergence".
We return to today's reasoning.
As a result, instead of formula (1-2) for localized oscillations,
formula
ρE
~ (1/r)2 ·
Σ
Wi2
; i=1,2,3;
(Cartesian
coordinates);
Once again, the main thing. In Gukuum, in cosmic reality,
which is not available to a person in his sensations, there
are only localized oscillations in the form of a solution
(1-2). But loks (and this world feels a person) behave as if
they are "wound up" on themselves and their energy is
multiplied by (1/r)2. Hence, the
nonlinearity of our world, known to scientists, occurs. The
whole observable world can be compared to a computer game.
The player presses on the buttons, controls the running and
shooting Quakers, watches the beautiful multi-colored
graphics. But there is a real world: a colorless waving
bundle of electrons inside a kinescope and multi-core
current oscillations in the processor. Or from the life of
knights: One knight defeats the other, celebrates success.
But there is no one to notice the reason for the victory:
his stronger and better trained horse.
10) All physical phenomena, as shown by the analysis
([22] - [25]), can be explained from the standpoint of the
gukuum theory.
All physical equations are a consequence of the
wave equation (1-1), including the equations of mechanics,
electromagnetism, quantum physics, and so on. The appearance
of high-order interactions is explained by the action of
stratification laws; possibly by engaging layers; as well as
not yet described effects.
The theory of relativity is translated into the
category of approximate theories, built on the assumption of
the absence of a distinguished frame of reference. While a
fixed and fixed frame still exists: it is a gukuum. If such
a system has not yet been found, so because it is bad and
not there looking for and not so searched. Perhaps it will
not be easy to determine it because of the low density of
the gukuum (see below) and the relatively slow velocities of
the stars and planets. This is the business of the future.
All previously published theories of the ether are
canceled.
11) In order not to complicate the presentation of the
theory of loks, one more term is used everywhere: lok. But
it is necessary to distinguish by the context, we are
talking about a localized wave or a virtual object, lok.
12) The photon, neutrino and some other particles have not
yet been considered as representatives of loks. For them,
classes of localized solutions of the wave equation are
considered, which have not yet been investigated. Other
(short-lived) particles appear to be no more than temporary
eddies of stresses in the gukuum. They do not have number
like the breakers around the ship.
Additionally:
13) If you think about it, you can, instead of (1-2),
compose and solve the equation for the angular rate of
rotation of the excitation in the lok. There will
immediately appear discrete values of angular velocities,
just as they appear for energy or displacement. This is a
task for the future.
14) Regarding the objects of the universe, which are
described by a cylindrical solution, no conclusions are
being made, except for the assumption that these are even
lightning. The assumption of the existence of "lenticular"
objects has not yet been confirmed.
15) Since the possible choice of coordinates is not
exhausted by cylindrical and spherical coordinates, in
principle, the existence of other solutions and objects and
other forms is not excluded.
16) When the current in the circuit breaks around the
conductor, clusters of a "high-grade" field are generated by
electrons leaving the chaos (sparks, lightning). And, in any
experiment, with the weakest current, these electromagnetic
clumps of 90% do not fly away anywhere after the current is
cut off. These clots are ball lightning. After each click of
the switch, in all likelihood, too, a small "ball lightning"
is formed! Only its field is very small, weak and does not
cause a visible glow in the air molecules passing through
it. Therefore, it is not noticeable and not too dangerous.
Of course, it still collapses due to interactions with air
molecules or surrounding objects and wires. But its hidden
influence on the organism is quite possible. In rooms where
there are many switches, electrical appliances, wires and
electric motors, some unpredictable and yet unexplained
effects on the body, glitches and drums are quite possible.
Full fantasy: some people can, in principle, accumulate
these invisible fireballs. For example, in the place of
work. They can wear this "spoilage" and with their help
influence other people. At the same time knows what he
thinks of himself. Also, cleaning procedures from them,
"removal of spoilage" in principle, are possible.
17) The process of electrifying bodies in friction is
also becoming clear. Unlike conductors in which electrons
freely float, in dielectrics, the electrons are sufficiently
rigidly fixed. It is difficult to understand the students of
traditional physics. They consider the electron to be a
point running along some trajectory. In fact, an electron is
a real and very large cloud consisting of petals. And this
electronic "flower" is, as it were, cemented by some petals
in the dielectric material. The peripheral parts of the
electrons protrude far beyond the conductor, forming, as it
were, the thorns of the cactus. As a result, when rubbing a
piece of cloth "about the cactus," the electrons are
"uprooted" from the cactus. This is electrification. But in
the existing physics, there is no satisfactory explanation
for the phenomenon of electrification. All these stories
with a "surface" layer of electrons, according to the
authors, are not serious.
Опубликовано:
https://www.academia.edu/34375199/Concepts_and_definitions_of_the_theory_of_gukuum
http://vixra.org/abs/1801.0232
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