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Why there are no black holes. Deadlock hypotheses of modern physics.

Abstract. The error of mathematical fantasies in the region of large densities inside stars is shown. The impossibility of infinite density growth is shown. An alternative description of the processes in the masses of massive stars is proposed.

 Introduction.
   Who is the loudest shouting "keep a thief"? "We know who, of course, is a thief himself." Ancient folk truth, established experimentally for many centuries of history.
   Who is the loudest screaming about the fight against pseudoscience? Well? We develop an analogy. - Correctly. Louder scientists themselves are shouting loudly about the struggle against pseudoscience.
   But, after all, are our ugly people fighting against pseudoscience ... official scientists ?! They even set up a commission to combat pseudoscience ?! "That's their way, which they proclaimed to be true-it's not at all like that." He is mistaken.
   How so? Why? We demand an explanation!
   Excuse me. Black holes do not exist. In total there will be many parts. In all areas of science. There, in official physics and astrophysics, the Augean stables.

How the "black holes" were invented. "Black hole" Michell.
   The concept of a massive body, the gravitational attraction of which is so great that the speed necessary to overcome this attraction (the second cosmic velocity), is equal to or exceeds the speed of light, was first expressed in 1784 by John Michell. From his calculation it followed that for a star object with a radius of 500 solar radii and with the density of the Sun, the second cosmic velocity on its surface would be equal to the speed of light. Thus, the light can not leave this stellar object, and it will be invisible. Michell suggested that in space, there can be many such stellar objects that are inaccessible to observation.
   Here is the calculation of Mitchell. The potential energy of the body in the gravitational field of a stellar object is equated to its kinetic energy:

 where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the stellar object, m is the mass of the body under study, v is the velocity of the body, and c is the speed of light.
    That is, the speed of the body necessary to overcome this gravitational field must be more than:

   It can be seen that for some ratio of M and r, the velocity of the body necessary for detachment becomes more than the speed of light. That is, a ray of light can not tear itself away from such a stellar object.
    The maximum possible speed, as it became known later, is equal to the speed of light. We denote by r_g the distance from the center of the gravitating mass, at which the particle velocity required for detachment becomes equal to the speed of light v=c. Then

   That is, the body falling inside this radius already definitely can not leave this star object or the given black hole. It is important only to compress this star object to such a small radius. Because the orders of the ratio of the quantities here are quite prohibitive.

   Addition from Schwarzschild
   Schwarzschild generalized and developed the fantasies and calculations of Michell. The above radius was named Schwarzschild as the gravitational radius of a black hole.
   For example, a black hole with a mass equal to the mass of the Earth would have a Schwarzschild radius of only ... 9 mm (that is, the Earth could become a black hole if someone could squeeze it to that size). For the Sun, the Schwarzschild radius is about 3 km.
   Objects whose size is closest to their Schwarzschild radius, but which are not yet black holes, are neutron stars.

   The violent fantasies of astrophysicists.
   Neither in 18, nor in 19, nor in 20, nor in the beginning of the 21st century did scientists have any idea of ​​the structure of elementary particles. Therefore, they bravely fantasized about the compression of matter to colossal densities. Let's say that scientists fantasized that elementary particles are such solid balls. Then there can be neutron stars. That is, there are stars in which matter is compressed to close packing of neutrons. And something similar in the cosmos was indeed discovered. Very massive and very dense star objects. But why not squeeze even harder? What can stop a mathematician's fantasy?
   Schwarzschild found a formula for the density of black holes, dividing its mass by "the volume enclosed by the horizon of events":

   As can be seen from the formula, the average density decreases with increasing mass of the black hole. Thus, if a black hole with a mass of the order of the sun has a density exceeding the nuclear density, then a supermassive black hole with a mass of 10⁹ solar masses (the existence of such black holes is suspected in quasars) has an average density of about 20 kg/m³, which is 50 times less water density. Thus, in principle, a black hole can be obtained not only by compressing the existing volume of matter, but also by an "extensive" path, by accumulating a huge amount of material. And this is confidently described in scientific and popular articles. That is, no matter how you need compression to nuclear densities, do not need any cosmic horrors, collect enough material and it will become a black hole even with the density of our atmosphere and then it will endlessly absorb and absorb the surrounding stars. However, what really happens in such supermassive star objects will be described below.

   Are supernuclear densities possible?
- Established 14 years ago, proved mathematically, confirmed by coincidence with reality, that the universe is an elastic continuum (jelly). All mathematical calculations for 14 years as listed on the site: http://www.universe100.narod.ru  .
   The hypothesis of a jelly-like vacuum was expressed long ago, Einstein also mentioned it. However, no one could guess how tangible particles are embedded in this jelly. It turned out that the material particles (elementary particles) are localized wave vortices, which are described by strict mathematical formulas. It is the wave vortices (not the flows of matter, but the movement of waves in a stationary continuum) that run around the axis, while the universe continuum itself is stationary. This decision is given by strict mathematics. For example, the density of the universal continuum is found. It is not more than ~ 10^-57 g/cm³ (ten in minus fifty-seventh degree!). That is prohibitively small. And this is the upper limit, and the lower bound is zero. But this continuum is sufficiently elastic that elastic waves propagate in it with light speed. At least not even waves of deformations, but waves of stresses.
   Here, for example, how does the formula for the internal arrangement of a neutron look like and its portrait:

   Here E is the energy density or that is the same mass density (E=mc²) inside the neutron.
    These formulas and the neutron portrait are confirmed with great accuracy by coincidence with the actual physical characteristics of the neutron. Here is an example of how a comparison of the theoretical and experimental charge distribution
inside the neutron:

   Or a comparison of the theoretical and experimental plot of the density distribution within the same neutron. Experiment:

But the theoretical density graph inside the neutron:

   It seems that it was the existence of three layers of density in hadrons, along with some other circumstances, that indirectly led scientists to invent quarks (there are also three of them). The Hadrons are not divided into parts, the nuclear scientists in CERN are in vain tormented. Neither quarks nor Higgs bosons they will find and never receive, they do not exist.
   The results for the proton are absolutely analogous. Outwardly, it is approximately the same as a neutron, spherically - layered. The electron has not yet been studied experimentally enough. But what is known, it completely coincides with our results. For those interested, portraits (with formulas) of a proton, an electron and a portrait of an atom of hydrogen. Note that the void inside the electron in size is just the size of the proton. Nature herself intended them for each other.

  What really happens in superdense star objects?
   Let us return to the device of elementary particles as wave vortices in an elastic continuum. Let us begin to compress a certain volume of such wave vortices (that is, elementary particles). Initially, these vortices interact according to the laws of "long-range action" known to us, they repel, preserving their internal structure. But after overcoming the nuclear density, these vortices simply can not exist. Their internal wave trajectories are so strongly interpenetrating and interacting that they begin to react mutually, the structure of elementary particles is destroyed, "cotton" occurs and these localized wave vortices seem to straighten out and fly away in the form of photons at the speed of light. All existing prohibitions on such interaction are overcome by the participation of third and fourth and more particles.
   It's easy enough to imagine. Here are two wave vortices. While they are far away from each other, they repel, like ordinary particles. But it's enough to bring them closer, and that their axes of rotation are turned 180⁰ degrees relative to each other, as they are mutually "destroyed." The law of conservation of energy is necessary, so the wave vortices are transformed into another kind of waves, ordinary, far-away electromagnetic waves, photons. All. Finish. Densities far exceeding the nuclear density simply can not be. Such densities are incompatible with the life of elementary particles. Once again: all existing prohibitions on such interaction are overcome by the participation of third and fourth and more particles.
   All the huge and massive stellar objects on the path of turning into black holes can not achieve this goal. Because the substance inside them begins to actively transform into photons and leave the limits of these stellar objects. Candidates for black holes gradually evaporate, not reaching extreme densities.
   Thus, when a large stellar mass begins to contract to form a black hole, the processes of converting neutron pairs into photons are accelerated. By the principle of matter-antimatter (opposite orientation). They are quietly flashed into an endless space. That's all. That is, there is almost the most widely known process of Hawking evaporation. With the difference that no "polarization" of the vacuum is to be invented for understanding, and no separation "one particle falls inside the black hole, and the other, which is just above the horizon, flies away, carrying energy" is also not needed. Both particles turn into photons and calmly fly away before the whole mass turns into a black hole.

   Why extensive accumulation of mass is impossible.
   The above formula for the average density of a black hole has no real meaning. Even if the average density of a massive stellar object is small, the center of such a massive star object is many orders of magnitude denser than the average density of this object. And it will start to burn out long before this object is formed. And this object will burn out before such a huge mass is gathered into a pile. Let's try to estimate what the pressure of water in the shaft, dug to the center of the Earth, will be. The potential φ(h) inside a homogeneous sphere:

h - distance from the center of the Earth, M - Earth's mass, R - radius of the Earth.
For an incompressible fluid:

grad(p)=-ρ•grad(φ);

Solving with the condition p(R)=0, we obtain

p(h)=φ(h)+const;

Whence the water pressure at the very bottom of the shaft to the center of the Earth is equal to: (ρ=1000 kg/m³).

p(0)=ρ•G•M/2R ;

p(0)=(1000 kg/m³)•(6.7•10^-11 m³s^-2kg^-1)•(6.0•10²⁴ kg)/(2•6.4•10⁶m)= 30.000.000.000 (SI). It turns out about 3.000.000 atm. Despite the fact that gravity in the center of the Earth is zero.
   Such a result was obtained under the assumption that the mine is filled with incompressible water. Well, what will happen in the bowels of supermassive stellar objects, if
a) The stars are many orders of magnitude greater than our Earth by mass.
b) The stars consist of a compressible plasma. This means that the matter of the stellar object will additionally flock to its center, which will again increase the density and pressure in the center many times. And thus accelerate the neutron burnout reaction.
   However, in the supercompressed state of wave vortices, a variety of processes are possible, leading to the emission of photons into space.

  Movable equilibrium in the universe.
   Well, are there any reverse processes of collision of photons and their transformation again into elementary particles? - Probably yes. Definitely: yes. This is the universal mobile equilibrium. These photons will sooner or later successfully collide (again: perhaps with triple collisions, involving neutrinos and other particles, albeit rarely, no one in the universe and does not rush).
   Thus, the equilibrium process between the number of photons and the number of neutrons in the entire universe is realized. It is only necessary to overaccumulate neutrons, as they begin to thicken around some centers in order to shrink into a black hole. But, alas, this is not to be. For they in the majority will burn down and will turn to photons. Which will be stupid to fly through the universe and again somewhere will collide, forming a pair of neutrons.

   How are black holes supposedly formed?
   According to modern astro-physical ideas, there are supposedly four scenarios for the formation of a black hole:
   1. Gravitational collapse (catastrophic compression) of a rather massive star (more than 3.6 solar masses) at the final stage of its evolution.
   2. Collapse of the central part of a galaxy or a right-galactic gas. Scientists place a huge (> 1000•M_S black hole at the center of many, if not all, spiral and elliptical galaxies.
   3. Formation of black holes at the time of the Big Bang as a result of fluctuations in the gravitational field and / or matter. Such black holes are called primary holes.
   4. The appearance of black holes in high-energy nuclear reactions is quantum black holes.
- We argue that none of these scenarios are realized in the universe. This is the wild fantasy of the scientist of the "majority", which declared a ban on the existence of all alternative opinions.

   Some conclusions.
   But if black holes are impossible, then so now the astronomers loved the primary explosion and was not? - Most likely, it never was. The universe is infinite in space and in time. And all the wonders are invented with the goal of somehow drawing physics to religious dogmas. But about this and other fascinating phenomena - in the following parts of our narrative.
   Now it becomes clear why there are no global heterogeneities of the universe that could arise after the initial explosion. - Because all global condensations (stellar objects) quickly pass into the stage of transformation of dense sites into photons and fly through the universe, equalizing the density of matter at all its points. This is what it is, the universe. It does not have global density gradients in either direction. Well, photons have the ability sometimes to interact again and form a pair of neutrons. Thus, the balance and the cycle of matter in the universe are maintained.

   For those interested. So the table of elementary particles is arranged - an analog of the periodic table. Only the first lines are shown. It contains an infinite number of lines, and with each row is expanded by one cell.

  Comments.
   Absorption of some enterprises by others occurs always when monopoly is resolved. For which antimonopoly committees have been established. Absorption occurred in science, when in 2004 it was announced around the world that all articles were reviewed. The majority absorbed the minority, privatized all scientific funding and declared themselves to be the heralds of truth. All that is different from the majority opinion was moderated. And what is a review? Is this confirmation of truth? - No. One random person, without delving into the heart of the matter, makes a decision. Can he judge the truth of the work ?! - Can not. - And what is it? - And this is the introduction of an administrative element into science by the whips who made their way to the heights of the scientific hierarchy along the administrative line and who have their own selfish interest.
   The truth of scientific work should be established only after publication !!!
   Even on the well-known website www.arxiv.org, which Perelman freely published in 2002, a review was introduced in 2004. In 2005, Perelman would not have been published there without a review. And who would give him a review, if so far few people can understand his evidence ?! After the publication, there was someone who confirmed the correctness.
   And even in the Russian paid magazine, in which I freely, for my money, published all the results set out in 2003, when I brought in the next articles in 2005, I was shown the door. Like, go, carry a review. And who will give it?
   Reviewing articles in paid magazines should be canceled.

   Human life is short. And in science, this is particularly clear and painful. Old views resist for many years, decades. During this time, either the authors of the new one will die, or those who resist will die. In any case, dismantling and searching for the guilty will not do anything. They say they were wrong, they did not see it, and so on. Who remembers the stranglers of genetics and cybernetics? Remember only the heroes of science. They are usually recognized as posthumous. : ((((
   Alas, all material goods, bonuses like "Global Energy", alas, have time to appropriate their enemies, obscurantists and obscurantists.
   It is necessary to separate scientific administration once and for all from scientists. And never under any sauce they can not be confused.

   The situation is such that priority work, the Nobel level in our country (Russia) has nowhere to send. All logs are blocked for non-members. All Internet portals also do not allow the author to post the article himself, it is necessary to send, and there the moderators decide. And if the moderators received an order from above, then the article will naturally be rejected as "pseudoscientific". Morals remain the same as in the Middle Ages. Unless the terminology becomes more modern. There is no opening through which it would be possible to impregnate science with new ideas. Inventions - please, because there can be an economic effect, here the business is on the rise. But the discoveries, theories - no. Save on the committee on discoveries and sweep billions of dollars at the colliders? !!!
   It is necessary to restore the committee on discoveries, which was in the USSR.

   Let's take the stage artists. They compete among themselves, this is understandable. They take away from each other concert fees. They do not love each other. But someone heard from them a bad word about each other ?! - No. It is unacceptable. It's a code of honor. And they always smile at each other, admire each other, perform in joint concerts and praise each other. Yes, artists. Even traders in electric trains do not allow themselves to show hostility. And when the second car enters the car, it is waiting for the first one to finish his speech. Code of honor.
   But is there a code of honor for physicists? - Alas, alas, and again, alas. Russian physicists brought up in Soviet times, the code of honor is completely absent. And this despite the fact that they themselves lie, lie and lie. They do not tolerate alternative science to the spirit. And they suppress it by all available means, taking away all means of subsistence from the violas.
   It is necessary to create a low-paid scientific journal, paper, without any review, so that anyone can publish anything and that it is considered an official publication.
   The society bit by bit collects our public knowledge and builds our social system of life. By bit! And if an inadvertent move occurs, or wrong knowledge is laid, then part of the public building collapses. Sometimes huge parts of a public building collapse. Which then need to restore years and decades. But our politicians and officials do not understand this at all. They are without any doubt beginning the silly reforms, the meaninglessness of which is clear even to unprepared people. Then comes the crisis in this or that area of social functioning. But no one is responsible for anything. But at least some preliminary examination, discussion of forthcoming reforms, it costs many times cheaper than the serious consequences of ill-conceived reforms. Take, for example, the costs of building colliders. Or here was the USSR, then someone needed to reform it - what came of it? How many trillions of capital has been exported? How many enterprises are destroyed? How many trillions of losses has Russia suffered?
   It is necessary to create and have a state expert system. Which would necessarily take all the messages, all the information, from all fields of activity. And would give an opinion on all incoming proposals.

Опубликовано: https://www.academia.edu/34719210/Why_there_are_no_black_holes._Deadlock_hypotheses_of_modern_physics

http://vixra.org/abs/1802.0121

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